The Civil War And Its Ending Of Slavery :: Slavery Essays

The Civil War and Its Ending of Slavery This paper is about the civil war and about how it ended slavery with the emancipation proclomation. I will also talk abou the physical loses of the war. The South, overwhelmingly agricultural, produced cash crops such ascotton, tobacco and sugarcane for export to the North or to Europe, but it depended on the North for manufactures and for the financial and commercial services essential to trade. Slaves were the largest single investment in the South, and the fear of slave unrest ensured the loyalty of nonslaveholders to the economic and social system. To maintain peace between the Southern and Northern supporters in the Democratic and Whig parties, political leaders tried to avoid the slavery question. But with growing opposition in the North to the extension of slavery into the new territories, evasion of the issue became increasingly difficult. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 temporarily settled the issue by establishing the 36Â ° 30' parallel as the line separating free and slave territory in the Louisiana Purchase. Conflict resumed, however, when the United States boundaries were extended westward to the Pacific. The Compromise Measures of 1850 provided for the admission of California as a free state and the organization of two new territories—Utah and New Mexico—from the balance of the land acquired in the Mexican War. The principle of popular sovereignty would be applied there, permitting the territorial legislatures to decide the status of slavery when they applied for statehood. Despite the Compromise of 1850, conflict persisted. The South had become a minority section, and its leaders viewed the actions of the U.S. Congress, over which they had lost control, with growing concern. The Northeast demanded for its industrial growth a protective tariff, federal subsidies for shipping and internal improvements, and a sound banking and currency system. The Northwest looked to Congress for free homesteads and federal aid for its roads and waterways. The South, however, regarded such measures as discriminatory, favoring Northern commercial interests, and it found the rise of antislavery agitation in the North intolerable. Many free states, for example, passed personal liberty laws in an effort to frustrate enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Act . The increasing frequency with which "free soilers," politicians who argued that no more slave states should be admitted to the Union, won elective office in the North also worried Southerners. The issue of slavery expansion erupted again in 1854, when Senator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois pushed through Congress a bill establishing two new territories -Kansas and Nebraska -and applying to both the principle of popular sovereignty. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, by voiding the Missouri Compromise, produced a wave of protest in the North,

Middle East foreign policies :: essays research papers

Disaster! Fear! Terrorism! What seemed to be a scene from Die Hard is what struck home in America on Sept. 11. The attacks on the World Trade Center leads back to many problems with our foreign relations. Our foreign relations policies have been recently getting a lot of countries angry and frustrated, the major problem being that we interfered with Palestinian and Israeli conflicts by offering war support to Israel. Aiding one side or another is a very tricky business, especially when it involves a religious war. We should have just offered support to try bringing the two countries to peace, not military support. Amazingly, the policy of helping Israel still continues, building settlements on what everyone knew was Palestinian land and selling weapons to Israel. We should not have interfered by helping Israel and for so long. It is hard to sit aside and be a spectator during a war, but when it involves religion, I would stay out. Religious wars are fought with a deep vengeance. It would not be the first time that America has tried to stay out of a war, we have done so in more atrocious wars like the genocide put on by the Nazis. I think America intervened in Israel for more political reasons than anything else. Due to our foreign policy in the Middle East, over the years we’ve acquired many enemies and adversaries, one of them being Osama Bin Laden. When we set up military bases in Saudi Arabia during and after the Gulf War, it exaggerated Osama’s anger because Saudi Arabia houses two of the holiest Islamic shrines. The build up of this anger led to the sad tragedy of the September 11th terrorist attack on America. The point I am trying to make is that it could have been avoided if we worked on our foreign policy more with Saudi Arabia and Israel and didn’t let the anti-American resentment get so strong. What’s done is done, and the only thing we can do now is to learn from our mistakes. I believe the first order of business is to prosecute Bin Laden and his terrorist faction. The next step is to slowly remove support in Israel. I emphasize slowly because we previously helped them for many years, and can’t abruptly end it. The first thing we should wean is the selling of weapons to Israel. Selling weapons to one side of the conflict is pretty much an act of war on Palestine.

Economics and Ethics

The area of ethics in economics is a divisive one, over which there has been considerable debate. Ethics has many interpretations in the history of philosophy as well as in economic history. Very simply, ethics refers to an understanding of certain forms of behavior as either right or wrong. â€Å"The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending, and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior.† (Ethics) However, there are many complex aspects to the understanding of ethics. An early idea of ethics was put forward by the philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill in the 19th Century. They suggested that ethical action was concerned with providing â€Å"†¦ the greatest balance of good over evil.† (Ethics) On the one hand, economics is fundamentally driven in a systems and practical sense by the need to acquire profit and accumulate wealth. On the other hand there is a growing debate about ethical responsibility and integrity in the business and economic world, with respect to aspects and issues that strictly fall outsider the ambit of the pure science of economics per se. Recent controversies, such as the Enron scandal have also highlighted the issue of ethics in economics and business. This leads to a vast array of issues and questions; such as the protection of future resources and the growing debate about the reality of environmental ethics as it relates to purely economic concerns. Questions are asked such as; can there ethically be a case for unconstrained economic adventurism and profiteering without paying attention to the moral and ethical dimensions of these actions? The debate and the dilemma that business faces in terms of ethical practices and views are concisely expressed in the following quotation. While â€Å"Businesses, in some parts of the world, have become integral participants in such causes as protecting the environment and alleviating poverty from economically depressed localities†, this concern with ethics is â€Å"†¦ confronted with the problem that economists have no other way to approach reality without concentrating on questions of utility.† ( Zaratiegui J. 1999) It is this focus on utilitarianism and the profit margin central to the capitalistic mode of economic production, which brings it into conflict with other issues and views and often results in a negative ethical assessment of business and economics. Therefore many critics are of the opinion that in an ethical sense the utilitarian focus of modern capitalism should be criticized. More importantly, theorists note that, â€Å"The nature of modern economics has been substantially impoverished by the distance that has grown between economics and ethics †¦ [economics] can be more productive by paying greater and more explicit attention to the ethical considerations that shape human behaviour and judgement.† (Sen, A. 1987, p 7.) It should also be noted that this debate and the alleged dissociation between economic thought and praxis and various ethical and critical stances, is a fairly recent phenomenon. In its origins modern economics was intimately connected to ethics and ethical motivations. Sen reminds us of the contrast between the â€Å"non-ethical† feature of modern economics and its genesis as an offshoot of ethics. At the time of its inception, then, the language of economics was comprised of normative elements. Nevertheless, over time, economics came to be considered an autonomous science, and its language and value judgments become increasingly more â€Å"positive.† It is this change in economic thought and praxis and the move towards a neutral or † value free† attitude towards ethical issues, with science as the motivating example, that has essentially created the present debate. However the debate about ethical involvement and responsibilities in economics continues to vacillate from one point of view to the other. On the one hand, economists argue that economic praxis and associated analytic techniques are ethically positive in that they help to predict human social and economic growth and development in a consistent way. Economists are also quick to argue and provide examples of the way that economic strategies uplift, develop and form a common basis for world interaction and harmony. â€Å".. it is regarded by some as beneficial, enabling economists to develop analytic techniques and make rational predictions of future human behavior. â€Å"(Zaratiegui J. 1999) On the other side of the argument there are many who interpret the alleged benefits of economics rather as the promotion of profit over ethical norms and principles. However in recent years there has at least ostensibly a reassessment of the ethical parameters of economics from within the economic community. As recently as a decade ago, many companies viewed business ethics only in terms of administrative compliance with legal standards and adherence to internal rules and regulations. Today the situation is different. Attention to business ethics is on the rise across the world and many companies realize that in order to succeed, they must earn the respect and confidence of their customers. This change is still based in the praxis of customer behavior and reaction but nevertheless it does show a change towards a greater awareness of ethical responsibly ion the world. Many of the ethical debates surrounding economics revolve around the complex issue of the interactions of business and commercial concerns and bio-ethics. Bio-ethics refers to the ethical demands and requisites in the interaction between the human and the non-human environment. As such, bio-ethics is difficult to relate to or argue in purely subjective or human terms; which make it all the more difficult to understand and react to from an economic perspective. A case in point which is still under discussion is the intended use of the oil reserves in the Arctic Wildlife Refuge. At present the debate about the exploitation of the Arctic National or ANWR has been in process for 20 years. (Endless debate drains political energy) The debate has tended to centre mainly on the exploitation of a sensitive ecological area as opposed to the economic and political value for the country from a potentially rich oil supply. The divergent viewpoints are expressed in the following assessment of the situation. To generalize, people who care most about the wildlife and wilderness don't give a hoot about the oil; folks fixated on the oil think its value outweighs the wildlife and wildland concerns. The two sides are every bit as polarized and only a little less passionate than those battling over abortion rights† The National Petroleum Reserve of Alaska (NPR-A), is situated between the foothills of the Brooks Range and the Arctic coastline, and is about 120 miles from the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). (Rosen, Y. 2003. ) The Bureau of Land Management ( BLM) estimates the area will†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ supplement production from the Alpine fields, which hold 429 million barrels and have a daily oil output of about 100,000 barrels.† (US OKs Commercial Drilling in Alaska Oil Reserve) From an economic point of view, the use of this oil reserve will have many positive aspects. Besides the money that would be brought into the economy instead of flowing out in oil purchases, it would have positive internal and political implication as it would obviously mean less reliance on outside oil sources. The Energy Information Agency of the Department of Energy estimates that Alaska oil production averaged 902,000 barrels of oil per day from January through August 2004, about 16 percent of total U.S. oil production during that period, most of which comes from Prudhoe Bay. Opening up even a limited area of ANWR for drilling would offer the prospect of producing from Alaska possibly 40 percent or more of the oil consumed in America. This view can be seen as supporting the idea of an ethical position in the economic exploitation of the region in that it will be for the â€Å"greater good† of the international community to reduce America's oil dependencies. The other side of the argument is that the exploitation of this region for profit will upset the delicate ecological balance and will further have a larger ecological impact. From this point of view the proposed economic actions are unethical. In essence the debate is centered on two very different world views which need an understanding of their underlying biases to be fully comprehended. Many similar points of dissention and lines of argument are formed in the ethical debate that has raged for years about animal experimentation for research. One has the argument for experimentation on the basis of ensuring human safety; while those opposed point out that this view still contravenes basic bio-ethics and the respect for life on this planet. On the one hand business and commerce stress the need to test products before public consumption and on the other hand activists state that many of these tests are simply attempts to placate the public and have no intrinsic scientific worth. Animal rights groups point out that animal experimentation is an extremely cruel endeavor. Among the many different types of animal extermination are the†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ the toxicity and irritation testing of various consumer products, such as foodstuffs and cosmetics†¦extraction of products, and the development of drugs.† (Rollin, 1992, p. 136) One of the most criticized tests in this regard is the Draize eye irritant test. This test involves â€Å"†¦ placing a substance in the eyes of four to six rabbits and evaluating the effect.† (Thompson 1988, p15.) The results for these extremely cruel experiments are used for cautionary labels on various products such as soaps and cosmetics. One of the main arguments against commercial vivisection is that many scientists claim that there is no real scientific purpose to animal experimentation. This is a particularly the case with regard to animals which are used by pharmaceutical and chemical companies to test the toxicity of drugs and other substances, including cosmetics and household cleaners. This practice has been regularly criticized by doctors and scientists who are of the opinion that these experiments are not only unscientific but also flawed in many respects and even dangerous to human health. Countering these assertions the economists point to the many successful trials that have resulted in positive results and benefits for human beings and human health. The economic world is, as has been stated, becoming more aware of its ethical responsibilities. Some critics still see this new found ethical responsiveness in the scientific and economic communities as a reaction only to pubic opinion and customer perception. However there are also those who are more positive and who think that the economic community is becoming more aware and reacting more positively to the important ethical dimensions of their activities.

Role of Media in Public Awareness

The media play an important role in increasing of public awareness and formation their views and attitudes toward certain issues. Nowadays, Internet resources are one of the most common means of communication as mass media. Today in Tajikistan, blogging and participation in social networks are one of the most common activities of Internet users after the e-mail and search programs. This trend is particularly noticeable among young people who spend more time on the computer and obtain more information from the global network.Today, blogging is also a good way to express views on any issues. With the proper formulation of the issue and placing posts in the blogs, social networks and forums, the discussions on the topic can continue for months and attract more attention than other types of media. Now, there are many blogs in the internet created by residents of Tajikistan or Tajik bloggers living abroad. Many people are becoming bloggers now despite of their professions, education and s tandard of living.Many of them are celebrities and idols whose opinions considered by most of the population, especially young people. We should expect that gradually the Internet will be the most popular way of exchange of information. The importance of this method of informing the public and attracting the online communities’ attention to various problems is the most efficient way to disseminate information. If we compare the traditional media to Internet resources, the important difference is that you always can post comments in the internet.The Tajik Family Planning Alliance in its operations put emphasis on the sharing of information, advocating, providing services and subscribing to services in order to advance the sexual and reproductive health and rights of the citizens, with special focus to HIV/AIDS and STI prevention, unwanted pregnancy, as well as unsafe abortion. For this purpose TFPA works with mass media such as newspapers, radio and television within the frame works of various projects.This year we started our work with a new direction, which is blogging. Within the framework of Access project it was held three day training for bloggers-journalists on the topic of â€Å"Blogging is an internet-based mechanism for the dissemination of information field about SRHR† to improve access of young people to information. 15 representatives of various newspapers have participated in this training. During the training the participants were taught how to create a blog in platform of WordPress. om – one of the most popular and multi-functional platforms for blogging. Participants were provided not only the information on how to create blogs, but also basic information on SRHR and family planning. In practical part of training, the participants created their own profiles on popular social networks such as Face book, Twitter, YouTube, and Flickr. By creating a profiles and blogs, they contributed to a greater dissemination of information i n the global network.In spite of the free choice of topic for a blog, most of the participants selected the topics related to SRHR and family planning, and the rest the aspects of healthy lifestyle. Thus, it was created 10 blogs, which included both personal blogs and blogs of newspapers. TFPA plans to continue to work with blogs and online journalists by supporting bloggers and active users of social networks and implementing variety of activities on promotion of relevant Internet resources, including the traditional media.

After Divorce

Myparents divorced when I was two, and the repercussions of their split lasted longafter it was final. My mother was a parochial school teacher who earned justenough to stay off welfare, but not enough for us to live comfortably. Utilitiesin our home were shut off from time to time, and it seemed like we would nevercatch up. My mother also worked nights, so after school I would go to mygrandparents house. I spent little time with my mother because she worked duringthe week, and eventually on weekends, too. My most painful memories ofthat time are not of being teased for my limited wardrobe, or the times we had norunning water because my mother missed payments. The most difficult experiencewas watching my mother cry at night, while I hugged her and told her I lovedher. Through all this, I learned so much. I came to value education,family and faith. I worked hard in school, and earned good grades. I learned frommy mothers example (she went back to school after three children and a divorce)that it is important for a woman to go to college and not depend on a man. I cameto value extended family support and developed a close relationship with mygrandparents and cousins because I was with them so much while my mother worked. Last, my faith became very strong. Although my mother was very busy, shemade sure we all went to church together every Sunday. Most important, we did notblame God for our situation. Instead, we thanked Him for the good things in ourlives. We were grateful for the people who cared about us, for not being on thestreets, and for good health when we did not have health insurance. My parentsdivorce caused hardships and pain, but it was also an experience that I would notchange because of how much I learned.

ASSUME YOU ARE PART OF THE SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF LARGE FIRM WITH A Research Paper

ASSUME YOU ARE PART OF THE SENIOR MANAGEMENT OF LARGE FIRM WITH A SPECIFIED NAICS(NORTH AMERICAN INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM - Research Paper Example The Smithsonian Institute The Smithsonian Institute can be one of the best targets of the construction firm to present contracting opportunities. It was founded in 1846 and considered the world’s largest museum and research complex which consists a total of 19 museums and galleries, 9 research facilities and the National Zoological Park (About Us, 2011). There are a continuous researches conducted in the institute thus one of the best opportunity is to offer a construction of a new research building or facility complex. The Smithsonian Institute conducts research around themes such as atmospheric processes, ecosystem dynamics observing natural and anthropogenic environmental change on daily to decadal time scales, and defining longer term climate proxies present in the historical artifacts and records of the museums as well as in the geologic record at field sites (Principal Areas of Focus, 2008). Thus, as a firm who offers commercial and institutional building construction, w e can present to them a really good opportunity to add a facility to their institute. The New Line of Business Given the big opportunity to this very important client, we can also offer line of business to make the most out of the opportunity given to us. The firm could develop a new line of business such as supplying air conditioner and services to take advantage of the opportunity in the Smithsonian contract. Offering this new business line or product line, the firm should know the number of buildings and facilities that the Smithsonian Institute has. Providing a new recommendation of supplying air conditioner and services, the firm must collect data about the current electricity bill and consumption, history and present condition of the existing air conditioners of the institute, terms and condition with the present supplier, and contract price with the current supplier. The firm should know all these information to make sure that they can provide a really good marketing strategy such as giving a cheaper contract price, ensuring good and reliable air conditioners and speedy services, and the possible cost reduced when they acquire our new line of product or service. The firm must ensure that they can provide products and services at a very reasonable price. The firm is mainly responsible for responsible for the construction of commercial and institutional buildings and related structures, such as stadiums, grain elevators, and indoor swimming pools (236220Â  Commercial and Institutional Building Construction, 2011). The services provided by the firm will be a great opportunity for this new line of business. Each building needs proper ventilation. Almost all the buildings that we can see around us have air conditioners. Thus, a construction firm can introduce new line of business such as supplying air conditioner to each new building that the firm constructs. They can offer a cheaper contract price with the clients if they avail of the service. What can be better than constructing and supplying a nearly complete facility, a building with proper ventilation? Department of Homeland Security The Department of Homeland security has a vital purpose of keeping America safe and to secure the nation from the threats and any forms of terrorization. The department requires a lot of people responsible from aviation and border security to emergency response and even from cybersecurity in charged to a chemical inspector. One of the main goals of the

Letter on current issue to the editor of the Wall Journal Essay

Letter on current issue to the editor of the Wall Journal - Essay Example Piereson acknowledges the income disparity that exists between the top one percent and the ninety nine percent of American population. Addressing this inequality, however, is the contentious issue. Both economists and politics are yet to agree on the most appropriate course of action. As the debate continues, I disagree with Piereson on the argument that the top one percent population is not the cause of the income inequality problem. The issue is that the rich are getting richer and the poor are further plunging into poverty. In this respect, it is fundamental to address the problem before things get worse than they already are. It is important to note that the proposed taxation approach is just one of the many avenues that the government can use to bridge the gap between the rich the poor. Amid critical disagreements on the way forward, it is evident that income inequality is already a crisis that could get out of control in the next few years. The one percent, the ninety nine percent, and all other stakeholders should collaborate to reach an ultimate compromise. Piereson, James. The Truth About the ‘One Percent’. The Wall Street Journal, Feb. 17, 2014. Web. 18 Feb. 2014.